Tourette Syndrome

A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)

Also Known As:

Tourette's Syndrome; Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tic Disorder; Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome; Tourette's Disorder; Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder; Combined Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder; Gilles De La Tourette's Syndrome; Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder, Combined; Tourette Disease; Tourette Disorder; Tourette's Disease; Syndrome, Tourette; Tourettes Disease; Tourettes Disorder; Tourettes Syndrome; Gilles de la Tourette Disorder; Gilles de la Tourette's Disease; Tic Disorder, Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor

Nervous System Diseases: 14178
- Neurodegenerative Diseases: 42472
  - Nervous System Heredodegenerative Disorders: 63
    - Tourette Syndrome: 1795
- Central Nervous System Diseases: 4213
  - Brain Diseases: 15694
    - Basal Ganglia Diseases: 346
      - Tourette Syndrome: 1795
  - Movement Disorders: 4634
    - Tic Disorders: 474
      - Tourette Syndrome: 1795
Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities: 933
- Inborn Genetic Diseases: 11939
  - Nervous System Heredodegenerative Disorders: 63
    - Tourette Syndrome: 1795
Mental Disorders: 24177
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders: 3095
  - Tic Disorders: 474
    - Tourette Syndrome: 1795

Hesham El ReFaey Selected Research

Hesham El ReFaey Research Topics

Disease

Drug/Important Bio-Agent (IBA)